留學生最常見的作業就是Essay和Report，相信很多同學現在正被困擾著，最可怕的就是ddl來了，卻還不知如何下筆...為了讓同學們更好的掌握Essay和Report的寫作方法，今天小圓圈er就給大家詳細介紹一下二者的區別，不要再傻傻分不清了！

不同學校、不同專業的Assignment，通常會對寫成Essay或者Report的格式作出明確要求，所以同學們需要認真閱讀題目。

（下圖以愛丁堡大學對Essay和Report的劃分為例）

☆ 同學們可以前往自己學校的官網再次確認相關信息

1.Introduction

（開頭簡介---介紹背景信息以及文章涵蓋的內容，解釋專業概念）

?Outlines what you are going to say.

?Signposts the direction of your writing.

?Can define the concepts involved.

?Can set out a case, outline a theme and give your reason for focusing on specific aspects.

Ps:It can be easier to write your introduction after you have drafted the rest of your assignment.

2.Body

（正文主體---用論據證明你的主張，并且正文中的段落應將不同的想法或論點聯系起來，使其具有連貫性）

?You will need to put forward convincing ideas or points supported by evidence based on your research reading. Overall, your writing should present a logical argument by offering good reasons to support the conclusions you reach.

?You cannot rely on your own opinions. You are expected to refer to your research to show where you found evidence for your argument or theories which support your ideas.

Include opinions with which you disagree as well as other information which influenced your thinking. You will also need to discuss the background or context to any debate.

?Remember to make links between sections of writing and to present the ideas in a logical order. As a rough guide, each main point should consist of one or more paragraphs, but this will vary. Sub headings are used in reports but not usually in essays which should flow.

?You are usually expected to include quotations from texts you have read. Introduce any quotations you are using and comment on them. Everything you use in your writing should be there for a purpose.

3.Conclusion

（結論---總結論文中提出的要點）

?Read through what you have written.

?Sum up your main points based on the evidence already discussed.

?You should respond directly to the title and questions posed.

?Your line of reasoning should be made clear for a final time.

?You can stand back from the details and take a wider view.

?Offer evaluative comment and come to a view.

4.Bibliography(or Reference list)

（參考書目或參考文獻清單）

?This is where you list each source you used.

?You will need to use the prescribed referencing system.

1.Table Of Contents

（目錄---建議用Word自動生成格式）

?List of numbered sections in report and their page numbers.

2.Executive Summary(Abstract)

（摘要---簡要總結整個報告，這部分應該最后完成）

?Overview of subject matter

?Methods of analysis

?Findings

?Recommendations

3.Introduction

（開頭簡介---描述報告的目的，解釋其重要性和意義，并闡明具體的目標）

?Outline of report’s structure.

?Describes the purpose of the report, explains why it is necessary and/or useful, and sets out its precise aims and objectives.

4.Body

（正文主體---少寫理論，多結合實際情況分析，記得闡述你的研究結果或發現）

?Headings and sub-headings which reflect the contents of each section. Includes information on method of data collection (if applicable), the findings of the report and discussion of findings in light of theory.

5. Conclusion(Recommendations)

（結論與建議---總結報告，通過結果重新審視研究目標并提出實際建議）

?States the major inferences that can be drawn from the discussion makes recommendations.

6. Bibliography(or Reference list)

（參考書目或參考文獻清單）

?List of reference material consulted during research for report.

7. Appendix

（附錄---羅列報告中所引用的數據或圖片）

?Information that supports your analysis but is not essential to its explanation.